6_独立主格

2022-07-26 约 1251 字预计阅读 3 分钟次阅读

笔记向，文章内容源自视频：英语语法精讲合集 (全面, 通俗, 有趣 | 从零打造系统语法体系)

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非谓语动词对从句简化

在说独立主格之前先复习下非谓语动词对从句的简化：

Because he was invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

使用非谓语动词简化：

Invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

Invite这个动作和the rabbit之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词invited。

非谓语动词简化从句和独立主格有啥关系，再来看下面这句：

Because the wolf invited him, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

这里就要注意了，后面的主句中主语是the rabbit，前面的原因状语从句中是the wolf，那该怎么简化？

前面的“Because the wolf invited him”可以使用非谓语动词简化，又由于the wolf和invite是主动的关系，所以使用现在分词，所以简化后就是：The wolf inviting him, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

语法上把the wolf称为动词invite的逻辑主语，而这就是“独立主格”中的“主格”。“独立”是因为the wolf 游离于真正的主语the rabbit之外。

接下来细看一下独立主格结构对从句的简化

If the weather permits, the rabbit will go out. 条件状语从句

The weather permitting, the rabbit will go out.
After the work was finished, the rabbit went home. 时间状语从句

The work finished, the rabbit went home.
The rabbit is lying in bed and a carrot is still held in his hand. 这是and引导的并列句，有两个主语，两个动作同时发生，相当于伴随的状况

The rabbit is lying in bed, a carrot still held in his hand.

前面说了那么多，实际上只是独立主格的两种形式，实际上它还有很多副面孔，如下：

示例：

名词/代词 + 动词不定式

The rabbit to come, the wolf is overjoyed.
名词/代词 + 名词

Many animals went to the party, some of them rabbits and wolves.

注意，这里因为是不定代词（短语），后面才能直接跟名词/形容词
名词/代词 + 形容词

Many animals went to the party, some of them happy.
名词/代词 + 副词

The rabbit sat on a chair, head down.
名词/代词 + 介词短语

The rabbit came in, carrot in hand.

以上这些句子除了“名词/代词 + 动词不定式”，它们实际上更像是，包含be动词的独立主格，也就是名词/代词 + be动词的现在分词being，然后再把being省略掉，比如：

独立主格的主要形式还是不能脱离非谓语动词这一概念，

你可能经常会见到with+宾语+宾语补足语这样的复合结构，其实它就是独立主格结构，比如还是这句：

The work finished, the rabbit went home.

可以直接加上with来表达

With the work finished, the rabbit went home.

也就是说，这个例子里，with是可以省略掉的。通常英语独立主格结构省略with后，甚至也会进一步简化句子结构，比如：

The rabbit came in, with a carrot in his hand.

省略with后进一步简化：

The rabbit came in, carrot in hand. 连冠词a和物主代词his都省略掉了。