19_叹词
笔记向,文章内容源自视频:英语语法精讲合集 (全面, 通俗, 有趣 | 从零打造系统语法体系)
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概念
多数学者把感叹词定义为:负责表达情感的声音,单词,词组,也就是说,某个词或词组原本属于名词,动词等,但是如果它主要用于表达情感(即用来感叹),则也可以视作叹词。语言说到底就是为了交流和表达,所以按照用途来描述叹词,自然符合这一主旨。
下面就按照情感/用途说一下最常用的几类英语叹词interjections
分类
以下例句均出自影视对话片段
打招呼
hello,hi,hey,yo,hiya/‘haɪjə/(非正式喂,你好)
- Hey, what’s up? Ah, nothing much.
- yo, yo, flu-hating rapper. 唷,唷,反流感饶舌歌手
惊讶
oh,ooh,oh my god!Jesus!gee, oh my! huh?! wow, gosh,oh dear,dear me,oh my goodness,oh boy
- Oh, my god. Oh, my god, Oh, my god, Oh, my god.
- Wow. wow. And it’s definitely all gone? 哇.哇.真的完全都没有了?
- Boy, oh boy. Oh, it’s only a matter of time. 哎哟,妈呀,要不了多久
犹豫
hmm,er,uh,um,erm,well,oh well
- Well, well, well, look what we have here. 瞧瞧,瞧瞧,这是谁呀
高兴
ah! yeah! yay! hooray! aha! alas! Thank god!
- Yah! Oh so you’re not, you’re not mad at us anymore? 呀!那你不再生我们的气了?
- Thank God, thank god. How’s LJ and Sofia?
感动
aww
- Aww. Bunny. 真可爱,小兔子
疼痛
ow,ouch/aʊtʃ/
- Ouch! 好痛!
鼓励
yes! congratulations! congrats! bravo! come on(c’mon),attaboy
- Bravo! Well done! Bravo! Congratulations, Mr Molesley. 好!太好了!恭喜,莫斯利先生.
- Come on, come on, come on,come on.
赞同
yes, yep, ok, okay, indeed, cool, bingo, great, excellent, brilliant, fantanstic
- Yep, yep, yep, yep, yep, yep 对,对,对,对,对,没错
- Oh, brilliant. Absolutely brilliant.Well done, you. Thank you…干的漂亮.太好了,你真厉害
反对
no, nope, no way, nah
- Nope, that, I, I guess, uh, that – that’s it. 没有,没,我觉得,应该就这样
- Nah, nah, nah, nah, man. You know that… I can’t, I can’t do it. 不,不,不你知道的…我做不到。
确认
please?yeah?eh?right?
- (接起电话)Eh?(打电话的人说)Oh, Bob, he was nothing compared to you. 嗯?哦,巴伯,他根本比不上你。
后悔
oops
- Oops. Nobody told me it was uncrackable.
伤心
no, oh no
- Oh, no! No, no, no. Don’t freak out. Don’t freak out. 不是吧,不是吧,别别别,别慌,别慌.
厌恶
eww, ugh
- Eww. No. Then where – where is she? 呃,啥… 不是没有…那她在哪?
使注意
psst
- Psst.Psst,psst. 嘶.嘶.嘶
使安静
Sssh
- Ssh, ssh. Look after Rosie. 嘘,别说了,照顾好萝丝
不耐烦
oh man, duh, darn, damn, blah blah blah, yadda yadda yadda
-
Oh, man. Oh, man. I swear to god, I ain’t know he was gonna kill the man.
美国人用“ain’t”很随便,应该是“are not,is not,have not,has not”的地方,他们也会“ain’t”一下就带过去,
愤怒
Jesus,for god’s sake, jusus christ, shit, fuck, what the fuck(wtf), what the hell(wth)
- Christ. Jesus Christ! Wait. What does that mean, “pretty big?” 我的老天爷,蛮大的肿瘤是什么意思?
总结
注意,有些叹词其实能在多种情境下使用,表达不同的情感,比如oh既可以表示惊讶oh,也可以表示高兴oh,或者无奈,或者不耐烦,你可以理解为“一词多义”,也可以理解为叹词高度依赖语气,叹词往往也没有固定拼写,比如刚才说的oh还可以拼写为o,oh,ooh,表达犹豫等情感的uh还可以拼写为um,er,err。另外叹词有非常高的多样性,有的叹词往往被特定的年龄段,地区,阶层更高频使用。