目录

17_副词

笔记向,文章内容源自视频:英语语法精讲合集 (全面, 通俗, 有趣 | 从零打造系统语法体系)

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副词的用法

副词修饰哪些词性

  • 副词修饰动词

    This rabbit runs fast.

    注意区分This is a fast rabbit. 虽然两句fast拼写相同,但是词性不同,前者副词,后者形容词

  • 副词修饰形容词和副词,做进一步说明

    This is a very fast rabbit.

    This rabbit runs very fast.

    举一反三:very good/ very well

  • 副词不能修饰名词,This rabbit here runs very fast. 这儿的here不是副词,而是形容词,见韦氏词典

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  • 副词修饰句子

    Obviously,this rabbit here runs very fast. Obviously修饰后面整个句子

副词在句中作什么成分

  • 状语

    从句子成分上说,副词通常作状语,下面两个句子中加粗单词均为状语

    This is a very fast rabbit.

    Obviously,this rabbit here runs very fast.

  • 表语

    The wolf is abroad.

    注意,这样的做表语的副词只能用在(变位的)系动词be之后

  • 宾语补语

    Let me in/out. 这里的in/out可不是介词,而是副词

副词的形式

副词的形式不复杂,通常和相应形容词拼写一致,或加词尾-ly(或去词尾e加-ly),但是也有以下可能性

这个不是所有的形容词都可以转化为副词。有些形容词转化为副词没有实际应用价值。比如很多表示品质的形容词,如lovely。

  • 同拼写,同义/近义

    adj:This is a fast rabbit.

    adv:This rabbit runs fast.

  • 同拼写,异义

    pretty,adj.漂亮的,adv.相当,挺

    adj:This is a pretty rabbit.

    adv:This is a pretty smart rabbit

    This is a fairly pretty wolf. 这是只相当漂亮的狼

    可以看到形容词和副词拼写相同,但是意义不一定相同

  • 副词=形容词+ly,同义/近义

    adj:This is a quick rabbit.

    adv:This rabbit runs quickly.

    有些时候为了读音的需要,有些形容词词尾e会被去除,如:

    possible/possibly,true/truly

  • 副词=形容词+ly,异义

    large adj.大的,largely adv.基本上;总体上

    adj:This is a large rabbit.

    adv:I largely only eat rabbits.

副词的种类

方式副词

方式副词用于描述某事发生的方式,常可回答how引导的问句。

  1. 由形容词加后缀?ly构成的词。如:badly(严重地,非常),slowiy(慢慢地),politely(有礼貌地),proudly(骄傲地),carelessly(粗心地),properly(适当地,完全地),successfully(成功地),happily(高兴地),angrily(生气地,愤怒地)等。
  2. 由分词加后缀?ly构成的词。如:surprisingly(使人惊奇的是),hurriedly(匆忙地),undoubtedly(无疑,必定),等。
  3. 其他方式副词。如:high(高),wide(宽),deep(深),close(近,接近)hard 刻苦 well 好 等,其中有些和形容词同形。
  4. 具有两种形式的方式副词。如:high(高)/highly(高高地,非常),wide(宽)/widely(广泛地),deep(深)/deeply(深入地,深深。

方式副词一般可以位于句首、句中或句尾,比如:

  • Suddenly, the driver turned left.
  • The driver suddenly truned left.
  • The driver turned left suddenly.

但是,并不是所有方式副词都可以位置随意,如前面的fast如果放在句首或者句中就会非常奇怪

程度副词

如前面例句:This is a very fast rabbit. / The rabbit runs very fast.

这两句中的very描述了有多快,即快的程度,所以属于“程度副词”,程度副词一般位于它修饰的形容词或者副词之前。

地点副词

The rabbit eats carrots indoors/outdoors. 在室内/在室外

The rabbit eats carrots upstairs/downstairs. 在楼上/在楼下

这些副词限定了地点,表明兔子习惯在哪儿吃胡萝卜,所以这些副词属于“地点副词”,地点副词一般放在句尾,但某些情况也可放在句首表示强调,比如:

Here you can relax and forget about all your troubles.

时间副词

  • The rabbit ate some carrots yesterday.
  • The rabbit is eating some carrots now.
  • The rabbit will eat some carrots later.

这些副词表明兔子在什么时间吃胡萝卜,所以属于“时间副词”,时间副词一般出现在句尾,但有时会放到句首或句中,如:

The rabbit has already eaten some carrots. 这兔子已经吃了些胡萝卜

already含有“想不到某事竟然已经发生了”或“以为某事会晚一些发生”的意味

频率副词

  • The rabbit eats carrots every day.
  • Sometimes, the rabbit eats carrots.
  • The rabbit usually eats carrots.
  • The rabbit eats carrots three times a day.

大部分频率副词都位于行为动词之前,be动词,助动词,情态动词之后,如:And I will always love you.

疑问副词

用来构成特殊疑问句的副词,如果我们要对the rabbit eats carrots这一行为提问,就有以下可能

  • 对方式提问

    How does the rabbit eat carrots?

  • 对地点提问

    Where does the rabbit eat carrots?

  • 对时间提问

    When does the rabbit eat carrots?

  • 对原因提问

    Why does the rabbit eat carrots?

  • how often常对频率提问,但不是疑问副词,因为how often不是一个单词啊,how 是疑问副词

    How often does the rabbit eat carrots?

连接副词

引导名词性从句的副词

  • How the rabbit eats carrots is interesting.

    how引导主语从句

  • I don’t know where the rabbit eats carrots.

    where引导宾语从句

  • That is why the rabbit eats carrots.

    why引导表语从句

关系副词

引导形容词性从句

  • This is the place where the rabbit ate the carrot.
  • This is the reason why the rabbit ate the carrot.
  • That was the day when the rabbit ate the carrot for the first time.

句子副词

句子副词一般在句子开头,用逗号和主句分开

Obviously,this rabbit here runs very fast.